GRAMMAR NOTES

NOTE: Post the following grammar notes on the platform Moodle so that students can get a copy.

PRESENT PERFECT

We use it:

1. To talk about actions or events that happened some time in the past. And it is not important when or we do not know exactly when. 

Form:

Have/ has + past participle

EXAMPLES:

Question: - Has she been in Germany? 

Short answers affirmative and negative:  Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

Note: The verb go has two possible participles - Been and gone.

For example:

 -She has been in Germany. (She went and came back again.)

-She has gone to Germany. ( She hasn’t come back.)

2. The present perfect is often used with the adverbs still, yet, and ever.

 ·        EVER is used in questions.

      For example: 

  - Have you ever met a famous person?

·         YET is used in questions or in negative sentences.

       For example:

-         Have you seen him yet?  I haven’t seen him yet.

       Note: It goes at the end of the sentence.

·        STILL is used in negative sentences with the present perfect.

        For example:  - I still haven’t seen him.

             Note: It goes before haven’t / hasn’t.